Understand the parts involved
What drivers call a bumper may include a painted cover, brackets, absorbers, reinforcement and nearby sensors. Damage to one part does not tell you the condition of all the others. An inspection helps establish the actual repair scope.
Why a cover may be repairable
Some surface damage or localized deformation may be suitable for repair. Material type, severity, repair location and manufacturer requirements all matter. The shop should explain the proposed method rather than offer a universal rule based on a photograph.
When replacement enters the discussion
Cracks, torn attachment points, distortion or a restriction in the applicable repair procedure may change the recommendation. Ask which component needs replacement and why. Also discuss the parts described in the estimate and any fitment or related refinishing work.
Remember connected systems
Parking sensors and other driver-assistance components may be located near the damaged area. Ask whether inspections, diagnostic work or calibration are required for your particular vehicle and how the work is documented.
Compare the whole estimate
Check whether each quote covers the same components, labor, paint work and related operations. A cheaper quote may describe a different scope. Ask how additional damage found during disassembly changes the estimate and how you will approve it.